Device for teaching perspective



Oct. 16, 1951 E. E. RISSLAND DEVICE FOR TEAbHING PERSPECTIVE 4Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 8, 1946 mmvroa Edwin E. kiss/and OL W ATT ORNESS Oct. 16, 1951 E. E. RISSLAND DEVICE FOR TEACHING PERSPECTIVE 4Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 8, 1946 Oct. 16, 1951 4 Sheefs-Sheet 5 FiledJuly 8, 1946 INVENTOR. B fa/Ali!) E. kiss/ana GA-M44 49 ATTORNESS Oct.16, 1951 E. E. RISSLAND DEVICE FOR TEACHING PERSPECTIVE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4Filed July 8, l94 6 INVENTOR. Fam'n E. kiss/and BY I ATTORNEBS PatentedOct. 16, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DEVICE FOR TEACHINGPERSPECTIVE Edwin E. Rissland, Newark, N. J.

Application July 8, 1946, Serial No. 681,855

2 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for use in demonstrating andteaching the theory of perspective drawings.

One object of the invention is the provision of a device of thischaracter which comprises a portable case for housing all of theelements used in the demonstration when not in use, the said casing alsoforming the supporting structure for the ground and picture planes whenthe device is being used.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for tiltinglysupporting the transparent picture plane so as to adapt the device foruse in demonstrating the theory of perspectives of objects viewed atsuch a steep angle as to call for will appear as the nature of theimprovements is better understood, the invention consistingsubstantially in the novel arrangement and co-relation of parts hereinfully described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, whereinsimilar reference characters are used to denote corresponding partsthroughout the several views, and then finally pointed out andspecifically defined and indicated in the appended claims.

The disclosure made the basis of exemplifying the present inventiveconcept, suggests a practical embodiment thereof, but the invention isnot to be restricted to the exact details of this disclosure, and thelatter, therefore, is to be understood from an illustrative, rather thana restrictive standpoint.

In carrying out a preferred form of the in vention, it was foundadvantageous to provide a relatively flat case having a hinged coverprovided with cut outs along two opposite parallel edges, so as topermit of the erection and hinged support of the picture plane holdingand clamping means, the hinged cover itself acting as the base orsupport for the ground plane.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a demonstrating device made inaccordance with a preferred form of the invention;

Figure 2 is a cross sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a top plan or face view of one of the ground plane drawingsused in demonstrating a 45 degree angular perspective;

Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the supporting and clampingmeans of the picture plane sheets;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the sight post; and

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a block forming the subject matter ofthe illustrated perspective.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, l0

.indicates a box made of any suitable material,

such as, for instance, wood, and has a cover H hingedly connectedthereto as at l2--l2. The cover II is provided with a pair of cut-outsl3 and M at its sides intermediate the ends thereof. The side walls 15and I6 are each provided with holes in the area of the cover cut-outsfor the reception of screws I! held in place by wing nuts [8. The saidscrews form pivotal supporting means for a pair of clamping devices forsecuring one or more picture planes IS. The said clamping devices eachcomprise a strip or jaw 20 having a hole 2! for supporting same on thescrew 11, and a strip or jaw 22 having holes 23 for slidably supportingsame on dowel pins 24 extending from the strips 20. The picture planesare each provided at their side edges with holes 2 l which, ifdesirable, may be reinforced with eyelets 25 or the like. The position Iof theholes 24 correspond to the location of the dowel pins 24 and tothe tightening screw 26 which passes through holes 2'! and 28 of therespective jaws 20 and 22 and are engaged by the said dowel pins 24 andscrew 26. The jaw 22 is held in place by nuts 29.

In practice when erecting the device for demonstrating purposes, thecover I l is lifted up part way and each of the jaws or strips 20 arepivoted into a vertical position on their respective screws I1, thecover closed and then the wing nuts 18 tightened. A ground plane 30 maythen be supported on the lid or cover I l. The ground plane is sopositioned on the cover II that a ground line 3| thereon coincides withthe bottom edge of the picture plane 19 which may now be positioned onthe dowels 24 of the jaws 20 and secured in place. The horizontal groundplane is further adjusted with respect to the vertical picture plane soas to bring a line of direction 32 in alinement with the Verticalprojection of the center of vision on the picture plane.

3 4 Located close to the near edge 30 of the It will be seen that due tothe manner of ground plane 30 is a sight or station point S. P. mountingthe picture plane supporting or clampat which point is a transparentblock 33 proing device, the same may be tilted and used to vided with anadjustably mounted post 34 terdemonstrate the theory of perspectives ofobjects minating in an eye-loop 35. The block 33 is pro- 5 viewed atsuch a steep angle as to call for the vided with lines 36 and 31 thereonfor aiding in use of a vanishing point for vertical lines. The thepositioning of the said block with respect to device may also be used inthe demonstration of the ground plane station point. The eye-loopellipses,

post is adjustable vertically so as to bring same When not in use thepicture plane as well as in alinementwiththe eye level line38 onthetpic- 1 it supportmggimeans a b uisass mbled and ture plane. placedin'the box l0 which may be carried by a In the drawings the subject forillustration is h dl 1-1 n th fr nt, wall. a cube 39 shown in v upositions andws It is to be understood that the device is adapted aw ata 45 de ee a ularp r n t ,fortuserimde'monstrating and teaching the artof ground plane 30 has drawn thereon in Plan View perspective at anyangle, although it has been r positions f the said cube w Meant-an"shown and described in connection with 45 degree inclination of 45degrees to the;ground.-line..=--Poperspectives.

sition one is shown at H with one diagonal of a t is apparent t theillustrations shown surface of the cube coinciding with the-linetof wrbeen given solely by way of m direction 32 and a corner of the Surfaceon the tion and not by waysof limitation and that theground?line:tPosition;eiiWQoiSsShOWIk atfil and 'a bwe are domwidevariations as Spaced directly to the:reaifiqfiheinumberroneandlmodifieationsiwithimthe soo eonthe esent 1 Ppositionpositions'ihiieef and four at M and invention. All such variations andmodifications V a two'ispacedfm;thedeft (L, arena cope: 'ofgtheapresandright, -arespecti-vely. The groundelinezrhas, emdnventionj-markedthereonthe:vanishingtpointsAIL-and 4| ;g;ewhams;elaimed 7connected-by lines 4Z-Qand-4 3,' respective1y to.ithe 1 Atdemonstratingloappamtusfmmprising, a

sight or station point 44; rneasuringapointstRl and amm-izomal;towsurttleare-tlocated by arcs.and-sthe projcction-tof the Lianegeonstimtingfiag hdrimtamgmundg plane height line is located at point HLand pointsqused means forming a replaceable, velificahgcture F fiegree$mthe -'*-'plane intermediate the ends of said groundplane, ground" saidaneans compr isingenne om-more transparent The picture plane sheetseachprovided with holes-along -the vertical 5transparent;.-,sheetv or atplural ty-of, suche-sheets pivotal strip acalrpirewbydtherboxsuperposedon. placid fionef'next e" l--'like*-structure'-near-'-each-vertical -edge-ot=-said shown,tthetpicture planezcomprises, a;.sheet-: pictmrplane,,pinsgmgthegsbrips, exbendmg; ,into

.uporrwhichis drawn a-45 degree-perspective wthvsaidstriysuppofledwomsam ofr;the cube-39 intthetnumbertonemosition and apins: anwmeanspassingtmough{heiaidrieture second .sheet- 41.;uponwhiche-are. drawn perspecplaneand stripsior releas ab1y-securing the-said ;tiv.es:Afi ywlfi and 115%.correspondingsrespectively 40gelvementstogether tothe 'cubeopositions two; three and. :four. ,5 -In-..onesheet; veachposition-may: bedrawn on a-separate, sheetsandplacedonein; front of- ,the other or even further; the'drawingof. theacube,irhany zone. positionimay. berbuilt np by a-sseriestof sheets"-..successi.ve.steps. -.,Thehcircle- 5| :onthe picture r planecircumscribestthe-lfield of yisionon, the projectionoplane asproduced-:bya 60 degree. cone .,of ,.,vision with the apex; attheeye,point.

2. A demonstrating apparatus for" teaching perspective drawingaccording' to claim-1 in "which the sightwomp'rises a transparent block'ofrectang'ularcross sectionr a-post terminating in an eyeeloopvertically adjust'able'imthe'top "1" or theblock'andi'adapted tobringthe"eye"-loop .in"alignment with"th'e "eyeilev'el 'iine'pn the"pi'ctureplane, the'bas'eoftlre blockhaving formed "thereonrightan'glelinesthrough the centerand adapted, to aid" in, positioning the"eye-loop .in

alignment, with'the, line of. direction.

stead of providingy the-last]; hree.-.'drawings-r.-;on

so. as to, demonstrate progressively the various r In demonstrating. the.-;theory1:.ofaperspective drawing; the cube. 39 may first, beplacedein, the

. square or diamond 0 l t, ,and, .may, be viewed ,5 REFERENGESASCITED.through ..the eye-loop. 3 5L .I When so viewed the r cube vwilltheframed;orgcoincideewith.the.draw- The following references are ofrecordeintthe ingMion thesheet 45. When thencubeisflplaced -file: o -t sD t [at J02 or. in .theLnumber twonpositiondtowill be3;;UNITED11.SBATES3RATENTS framed in the drawing. 46,O'ILthepicturepIane w WW V 7 sheet, when in the'number threerpositionit t Name i i will be framed in drawing number'll'fiband in the' w224345 P 1 F 2 3 number four position in drawing number 46. 1 5,Dannenfdser 1 9 Vanishing points' 40 and I l onitheeye level 'line2410447 Juran 1946 of the. pictureplane correspond respectively toFOREIGN/PATENTS the vanishingpointsln and 4| of -therground L 'plane,and measuring 'pointsR andL on saidjeye i A m f o V V r.

level 111'18 correspond to the samev polnts onthe [5,388,641 551mm17;,1931

'groun'dline ofthe groundplane.

